What term describes the author's or character's viewpoint on a topic?

The term that describes the author's or character's viewpoint on a topic is "Perspective." This concept encompasses the attitudes, beliefs, and experiences that shape how an individual interprets a situation or theme. In literature, perspective is crucial, as it influences how readers perceive characters’ motivations, conflicts, and the overall message of the text.

While "Point of view" also relates to how a story is told (for instance, first person or third person perspective), it specifically refers to the narrative position rather than the broader outlook or opinion held by the characters or author. "Theme," on the other hand, refers to the main subjects or concepts explored in a piece, such as love or conflict, but does not specifically address the viewpoint. "Tone" involves the emotional quality or attitude of the writing, which can reflect a perspective but is not itself the viewpoint itself. Understanding the perspective enables deeper analysis of a text and enriches the reading experience.